صندوق - Efylove

Dear Efylove!
I have to ask for your help on some phonetic knowledge:
1) The pronunciation of Greek letters υ-ι-η, β, χ, κ, π-β: In fact, I don't know the difference between ι and η, and in romanization, the two are transliterated into the same "i", and the latter is more ofen made into "e"; so is there a rule and a underlying truth?
β is sometimes transliterated as "b", and sometimes as "v", and is there a rule or truth?
κ is improperly anglised ito "c" pronouncing "s" in many instances. I don't know why they do this, is this completely improper or just a development of phonetics, like f-b, l-m-n changes, sorry, I don't know the terminology in phonetics.
The same improper romanization is Ï…, which I think is correctly put into "u", but unfortunately, in most literature, it is decided to be "y", yes, I know that "y" maybe in ancient times pronounced "u", but most people will pronounce it in modern English way, or at least as a consonant or half-vowel (I am not sure I used the right expression). Anyway, the romanized pronunciation is much tortured, like in Byzantium, Cyprus, at so on. So about the above puzzles, can you make me clear which kind of transliteration is more recommended? If we have to make a compromise in transliteration, then can I maintain the original pronunciation?
2) There is not an "aspirate" in many greek words starting with a wowel. But the romanization give them a front letter,usually "H", like Ioannis -- Johannes or even John, Adrianus -- Hadrianus (Hadrian), and we Chinese know English better than Greek, so our history books have translated these named in English voice rules. We treat the surplus "J" as "G", like other Roman languages. So Can I choose not to pronounce the additives when I am speaking them in Chinese?
3) or extension of 2): Is greek alphabet including an "aspirate" sound, in fact I know this term right now from dictionary, sorry for my poor academic knowledge. Because I have noticed many times many sources have treated "χ" like "h" or "ch" in French voice, but I would prefer "ch" in English. Which is right? And I even notice some source treat it like "k", like in Antiochus (Antioch), which has already been tortured by Chinese fellows into "an-tiao-ke". My version is "An-ti-o-chu". Am I right?

I am sorry to ask you so many questions. But I am eager to know. Thank you in advance.

Thank you Efylove, you are my master!
In fact, you have offered me a pure latin history book < Anastasian imperatoral laws >! for free!
I have downloaded, and I will try to decode it bit by bit. Hope this will guide me on the way to latin learning. Thanks again!

Dear Efylove!
I am encountered with a new lion in the way:
What does "razzies" means in this sentence, is it a Turkish word, or ancient Greek word?
Στις δύο τελευταίες δεκαετίες του 11ου αι., πάντως, οι τουρκικές επιδρομές στη Μικρά Ασία συνεχίστηκαν και οι συνοδεύοντες τους Σελτζούκους Τουρκομάνοι νομάδες, των οποίων ο ρόλος στον σταδιακό εθνολογικό μετασχηματισμό και τον εξισλαμισμό της περιοχής θα καταστεί καταλυτικός, παγίωσαν τις επιδρομές λεηλασίας **(«ραζζίες»)** με μονιμότερες εγκαταστάσεις.


Thank you very much!

Hi, Efylove! I have good news!
I believe it is plural of razzia!
Thank God and Thank You!

Dear Efylove!
I have encountered many difficulties in understanding some words of official hierarchy:
such as:
ο «κοντοστάβλης» (connotable),
ο «μαριτζάς» (marochal)
ο «καντζιλιέρης» (chancelier), =chancellery?
ο «αμιράλης» (amiral)
«Βισκοντάτο» (vicomto)
are the words in (...) French instead of latin?
O My God! The author is crazy!

Help me, please.
I am really killed ...

Dear Efylove!
So far, I have figured out only one of them!
«Βισκοντάτο» (vicomto) = vicomte,
and by the way, I'm told that it is late latin.
I don't know what was Late Latin.
Was it latin language spoken in Constantinople?
I don't think so, because I have looked at the governmental literature, and it was pure latin.
So I guess the so-called Late Latin was latin descendent that was spoken after the fall of Constantinople and when the East Empire was also divided into several, among them was Francos who were speaking a dialect of latin, so
Can we guess Old French is Late Latin?
Beg for you guidance.

Oh, my tears!
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
These words occupied much of my brain cells.
Now they are resolved, thanks!!!
I must learn from you.

Dear Efylove!
I have run into another word.
Please tell me what it is:
οι «φλαμουριάροι»
flamuriaria
flamouriaroi
flamouria
...
I have tried more than those above, but failed to find the real meaning !
Thanks in Advance!

Thank You! Efylove!
Although I couldn't open that link,
I understand your explanations, and I will find the "Chronicle of Morea" from other websites!

Thanks!Does that horseman resemble to Czar's angelia, who carried a wing on back, like an Angel.
I heard the name in a movie, spoken by a naive child when she saw those horsemen rushing toward her village, she mistook that they were angels, but in fact they were going to slay the villagers.

Dear Efylove!
I am reading the section of Epirus history, and I am puzzled by a father and his son's surnames.
Stefan Uroš III Dečanski is father of Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, but their family names are different. What is the reason?
They are Slavic names, but I don't know the reason. Can you please tell me ?
Nice Weekend to you!

Dear Efylove!
I am tortured by a place name in current Turkey.
The Greek form is Παϋράη -- Paürae or Pajurae?
I've tried my best to find the location, without result.
The Greek term is only available in a few webpages by googling search, from which I cannot locate it.
The only information I know is Παϋράη is in the Pontic lands, and more specifically, probably northeasten Turkey today.
Help me please, and thank you very much!

Dear Efylove!
Thank you for the slavic name's explanations.
And the Turkish city was a minor city in the Empire of Trebizond.
Today, I searched the list of Turkish cities.
And I found one similar sound:
Bafra
Was it?

Dear Efylove!
I find a link:
http://www.20000-names.com/male_d_names_4.htm
where it is saying:

DUŠA: Unisex pet form of Czech Dušan and Dušana, meaning "soul, spirit."
DUÅ AN: Czech name derived from the Slavic element dusha, meaning "soul, spirit."
DUŠANEK: Pet form of Czech Dušan, meaning "soul, spirit."

So, Dushan means "soul, spirits"!

Hi Efylove,

Sure, go ahead!
If you want to, use my email address (I've inserted an X to prevent automatic spam messages)
m.snippex@qmul.ac.uk

Lein

Merci, Serena, pour la traduction des voeux pour le solstice. Dii te custodiant. Hauteribes

Meum nomen est Serenae.
Discipulus sum: ego studere vetera. Sum historicus et epigraphist - quod quod .......
ut transeat totius vitae meae conversating cum lapidibus insculpsit.

Sub Augusto vixit an ego sum​​, et regnum in secundum bellum Punicum.
Romam viderim maiestate imperii pugnatum ad Cannas-tincta cruore Aufidus uidet atque tristitia Agrippae fronte saxis pluvia in Mediolani.
Ego audivi Stilicho ultima verba, Maecenas vocem Vergilio 'mantuano acuminis Scipionis ludentes in risum Zamam.
Et plateis maria Tiberim in mane nix, rufus muros et occasus ac persequi paene infinitum aquarum, ignis, glácies deserta, civitates sublime contra caelum, et elephantis ambulans in extremis iugis altissimum.

"Singulis horis animo fixum immotumque Romanum, id quod in manibus vir simplex et perfecta dignitate et dilectionis affectum, liberalitate et justitia"
(Marcus Aurelius)

"Scimus somnium suum: satis
Scire et mortui sunt ipsi videritis;
Et quid si excessus amoris
Turbata, donec postea morerentur? "
(Yeats)