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The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest written monument of world literature. It dates back to the third millennium before the new era (2000-1800 BC), the roots of its prototypes can be traced back hundreds of years earlier, while it relates directly to the culture and traditions of one of the oldest peoples – the Sumerians. There is no scientific explanation yet of the origin of this non-semite (non-jewish) people, who inhabited the fertile lands between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.