Перевод - Турецкий-Английский - beslenme kültürü

I think something is missing after "clothing", a connector maybe. I can't fully understand the meaning. Could you explain that in different words?

Perhaps "base" should be "basic".

like this then?

"For ages, geography has been a determining factor to mankind's basic cultures like nutrition and clothing and to higher ones like art and religion."

I guess that "ones" refers to "cultures", doesn't it?

If you don't like so many "and", you can change for : "nutrition or clothing" "art or religion"

That's what I mean. Does it convey?

yes ones refers to cultures,
about the other: in turkish iy says from-to to convey that it also affects all the cultures between them

But in English we have to adapt the preposition to the verb and in this case "to" is more suitable. I think the best choice for the sentence would be:

"For ages, geography has been a determining factor to mankind's basic cultures like nutrition or clothing and to higher ones like art or religion."

What do you think?

hmmm, i feel it loses some of its meaning with to/to.
i don't see why from/to wouldn't be acceptable here with "has been".
it's the way to say in english "that it also affects all the cultures between them"

What you mean is that geography affects all mankind's cultures, basic and higher cultures as well. Is that right?
If so, in order to avoid misunderstanding (and using from/to), I think the better thing to do is (once more) changing the syntax. Even adding some words.
What about this:

"For ages, geography has been a determining factor to mankind's cultures, from basic ones, like nutrition and clothing to higher ones, like art and religion" ?

perfect